right是法律中“权利”的常见表达，今天来介绍两种常见又不常见的“权利”。文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
1. 专利文件中的“shop right”指的是什么啊？文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
“shop right”属于专利法术语，雇员发明实施权。指雇主可以在其业务中免费使用雇员的发明的权利。它实际上是雇主以法律推定的方式从其雇员处得到的一种非独占性专利实施许可，当某一雇员并非专门受雇从事发明工作，但其在工作中运用雇主的设备完成发明的，则通常可以在法律上产生一种雇主对雇员发明的实施权。但雇主所获得的的专利实施许可是不能转让给他人的。其英文释义如下：文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
Shop right, in United States patent law, is an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense. Even if the employee never assigned rights to the firm, a court of law may find that the firm has the right to make use of the invention, and thus can not be sued by the employee for patent infringement. This will allow the firm to attempt to capitalize on the value of the patent, as the firm is allowed to use the object of the patent in the routine operation of its business without royalty payments. Shop right is non-transferable. It only inures to the benefit of the employer and can not be sold by that employer to an unrelated party, except in a sale of the business as a whole. (From Wikipedia)文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
美国的雇员发明制度是在判例基础上建立起来的雇主与雇员之间利益平衡制度。shop right雇员发明实施权是雇主对雇员发明专利的默示许可使用权,是默示许可原则、禁止反悔原则和公平原则推演出来的利益平衡机制。它是美国专利法一项抗衡机制,提升了雇员获取奖酬的谈判地位。文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
以下为相关双语示例：文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
In circumstances where a written agreement is not in place between employer and employee, the employee may hold title to the intellectual property rights as an inventor. In these circumstances, a shop right may apply.文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
雇主和雇员之间未签订书面协议时，雇员作为发明人，可能为知识产权的所有人。在这些情况下，雇员发明实施权可能会适用。文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
来源：译问文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
2. 请问Moral right指的是道德权利还是精神权利？文章源自玩技e族-https://www.playezu.com/244858.html
据查证，Moral right既可以表示道德权利，也可以表示精神权利。表示“道德权利”时，通常指由道德体系所赋予的，由相应的义务所保障的主体应得的正当权利，独立于法律权利而存在。表示“精神权利”时，涉及的是著作权，具体见下文。
查阅《元照英美法词典》发现，Moral right（法文为droit moral）的释义为“（作者的）精神权力”，是一种基于艺术家与社会、艺术家与其作品之间的关系而产生的非金钱性权利。
《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》（Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works）对“moral right”作出了如下规定：
“the right to claim authorship of the work and the right to object to any mutilation, deformation or other modification of, or other derogatory action in relation to, the work that would be prejudicial to the author's honor or reputation.”
同时，在百度百科查阅“著作人身权”也可了解一二，具体内容如下：
“著作人身权，又称著作精神权利，指作者对其作品所享有的各种与人身相联系或者密不可分而又无直接财产内容的权利，是作者通过创作表现个人风格的作品而依法享有获得名誉、声望和维护作品完整性的权利。该权利由作者终身享有，不可转让、剥夺和限制。
根据我国《著作权法》的规定，著作人身权包括：
发表权，即决定作品是否公布于众的权利；
署名权，即表明作者身份，在作品上署名的权利；
修改权，即修改或者授权他人修改作品的权利；
保护作品完整权，即保护作品不受歪曲、篡改的权利。”
例句：
1. 原文：In the countries where moral rights apply, the Licensor waives his right to exercise his moral right to the extent allowed by law in order to make effective the licence of the economic rights here above listed.
译文：在精神权利适用的国家/地区，许可方将在法律允许的范围内放弃其行使精神权利的权利，以便使本许可证上面列出的经济权利的许可生效。
2. 原文：The moral right has the broadness, the indefinite and the relativity characteristic, and the performance for the free option power, respected power, the fair appraisal power and so on.
译文：道德权利具有宽泛性、不确定性和相对性的特征，并表现为自由选择权、尊重权、公正评价权等。
3. 原文：It is elaborated that the formulation of the moral right of copyright protection systems in Anglo-American law system and continental law system countries based on different legislative basis are not the same.
译文：阐述了英美法系国家及大陆法系国家基于不同的立法基础制定的著作人身权保护制度也不尽相同。
来源：译问
right是法律中“权利”的常见表达，今天来介绍两种常见又不常见的“权利”。
1. 专利文件中的“shop right”指的是什么啊？
“shop right”属于专利法术语，雇员发明实施权。指雇主可以在其业务中免费使用雇员的发明的权利。它实际上是雇主以法律推定的方式从其雇员处得到的一种非独占性专利实施许可，当某一雇员并非专门受雇从事发明工作，但其在工作中运用雇主的设备完成发明的，则通常可以在法律上产生一种雇主对雇员发明的实施权。但雇主所获得的的专利实施许可是不能转让给他人的。其英文释义如下：
Shop right, in United States patent law, is an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense. Even if the employee never assigned rights to the firm, a court of law may find that the firm has the right to make use of the invention, and thus can not be sued by the employee for patent infringement. This will allow the firm to attempt to capitalize on the value of the patent, as the firm is allowed to use the object of the patent in the routine operation of its business without royalty payments. Shop right is non-transferable. It only inures to the benefit of the employer and can not be sold by that employer to an unrelated party, except in a sale of the business as a whole. (From Wikipedia)
美国的雇员发明制度是在判例基础上建立起来的雇主与雇员之间利益平衡制度。shop right雇员发明实施权是雇主对雇员发明专利的默示许可使用权,是默示许可原则、禁止反悔原则和公平原则推演出来的利益平衡机制。它是美国专利法一项抗衡机制,提升了雇员获取奖酬的谈判地位。
以下为相关双语示例：
In circumstances where a written agreement is not in place between employer and employee, the employee may hold title to the intellectual property rights as an inventor. In these circumstances, a shop right may apply.
雇主和雇员之间未签订书面协议时，雇员作为发明人，可能为知识产权的所有人。在这些情况下，雇员发明实施权可能会适用。
来源：译问
2. 请问Moral right指的是道德权利还是精神权利？
据查证，Moral right既可以表示道德权利，也可以表示精神权利。表示“道德权利”时，通常指由道德体系所赋予的，由相应的义务所保障的主体应得的正当权利，独立于法律权利而存在。表示“精神权利”时，涉及的是著作权，具体见下文。
查阅《元照英美法词典》发现，Moral right（法文为droit moral）的释义为“（作者的）精神权力”，是一种基于艺术家与社会、艺术家与其作品之间的关系而产生的非金钱性权利。
《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》（Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works）对“moral right”作出了如下规定：
“the right to claim authorship of the work and the right to object to any mutilation, deformation or other modification of, or other derogatory action in relation to, the work that would be prejudicial to the author's honor or reputation.”
同时，在百度百科查阅“著作人身权”也可了解一二，具体内容如下：
“著作人身权，又称著作精神权利，指作者对其作品所享有的各种与人身相联系或者密不可分而又无直接财产内容的权利，是作者通过创作表现个人风格的作品而依法享有获得名誉、声望和维护作品完整性的权利。该权利由作者终身享有，不可转让、剥夺和限制。
根据我国《著作权法》的规定，著作人身权包括：
发表权，即决定作品是否公布于众的权利；
署名权，即表明作者身份，在作品上署名的权利；
修改权，即修改或者授权他人修改作品的权利；
保护作品完整权，即保护作品不受歪曲、篡改的权利。”
例句：
1. 原文：In the countries where moral rights apply, the Licensor waives his right to exercise his moral right to the extent allowed by law in order to make effective the licence of the economic rights here above listed.
译文：在精神权利适用的国家/地区，许可方将在法律允许的范围内放弃其行使精神权利的权利，以便使本许可证上面列出的经济权利的许可生效。
2. 原文：The moral right has the broadness, the indefinite and the relativity characteristic, and the performance for the free option power, respected power, the fair appraisal power and so on.
译文：道德权利具有宽泛性、不确定性和相对性的特征，并表现为自由选择权、尊重权、公正评价权等。
3. 原文：It is elaborated that the formulation of the moral right of copyright protection systems in Anglo-American law system and continental law system countries based on different legislative basis are not the same.
译文：阐述了英美法系国家及大陆法系国家基于不同的立法基础制定的著作人身权保护制度也不尽相同。
来源：译问百科知识
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